Parasites and RA

The Infection, Coinfection, and Abundance of Intestinal Protozoa Increase the Serum Levels of IFABP2 and TNF-α in Patients With Rheumatoid Arthritis

The prevalence of infection by intestinal protozoa in subjects with rheumatic diseases has been previously reported to be particularly high (25–30%) (48), when compared to that reported in Mexican population (49) and asymptomatic (50).

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9039364/